Construction of the Network

Construction of the network

General
The network is made up of a number of control modules (sometimes called nodes) which are connected to each other serially via two communication cables. Each control module is supplied with power and grounded individually and receives messages / commands via the two communication cables. In both networks (high and low speed sides) the control modules are connected to a number of different spurs. In the event of an open-circuit those control modules beyond the open-circuit will not be able to communicate with other parts of the network. However, a failure in one of the spurs can lead to communication failure with one control module while communication in the rest of the same network is working.

High and low speed sides on the network




The network consists of two parts: a high speed side (HS CAN) which transmits signals/messages between the central electronic module (CEM) and control modules mainly in the engine compartment, and a low speed side (LS CAN) which transmits signals/messages between the central electronic module (CEM) and control modules in the passenger compartment and the luggage compartment.
The interface between the high and low speed sides is supplied by the central electronic module (CEM) which converts the transmission speed up or down for communication between the two network sides.

Data link connector




The data link connector is located in the passenger compartment near the driver's station. Cables for high-speed side (HS CAN) and low-speed side (LS CAN) are connected to the data link connector.




- Pin 3 LS CAN (low-speed side) (H-cable)
- Pin 4 Chassis ground
- Pin 5 Signal ground
- Pin 6 HS CAN (high-speed side) (H-cable)
- Pin 11 LS CAN (low-speed side) (L-cable)
- Pin 14 HS CAN (high-speed side) (L-cable)
- Pin 16 Voltage feed

Note! The data link connector's other connections may be used by other functions. This section only describes connections related to CAN.

Transmission speeds
The Volvo control area network (CAN) has two transmission speeds.
- The HS CAN (High speed) has a transfer speed of 500 kbit/s
- The LS CAN (Low speed) has a transfer speed of 125 kbit/s.
1 kbit/s = 1024 bits per second (1byte = 8 bits).
For serial communication (Volcano Lite) between a control module and a slave control module the transmission speed is 9.6 kbit/s.

Terminating resistor

High-speed net HS CAN (High Speed), example





Low-speed net LS CAN (Low Speed), example




To prevent electrical reflections and interference in the CAN network, there are terminating resistors which bridge CAN H (High) and CAN L (Low), one at each end (main line) on both the high and low speed sides of the network. Each terminating resistor has a resistance of 120 ohms.
- For the HS CAN (High Speed) the terminating resistor is in the steering wheel module (SWM) and the engine control module (ECM)
- For the LS CAN (Low Speed) the terminating resistors are in the driver information module (DIM) and the supplemental restraint system module (SRS).

Resistance measurement of parallel circuit with terminating resistor
Both the terminating resistors create a parallel circuit. The following resistances can be measured under specified conditions:
- When the control area network (CAN) is intact the resistance on each side of the network is approximately 60 ohms.
- In case of open circuits on the cables, so that a terminating resistor is not included in the circuit, the resistance in the net is approx. 120 ohm (only one main line is measured).
- An open circuit on the cables to control modules located "outside" the measured circuit cannot be detected with this measurement.
- In case of short-circuiting between the communication cables, the resistance is approx. 0 ohm between the cables, regardless of where the short-circuiting is located.

Resistance measurement in high-speed net HS CAN (High Speed), example





Resistance measurement in low-speed net LS CAN (Low Speed), example