P0016
2AZ-FE ENGINE CONTROL SYSTEM: SFI SYSTEM: P0016: Crankshaft Position - Camshaft Position Correlation (Bank 1 Sensor A)
DESCRIPTION
The Crankshaft Position (CKP) sensor system consists of a CKP sensor plate and a pickup coil. The sensor plate has 34 teeth and is installed on the crankshaft. The pickup coil is made of an iron core and a magnet. The sensor plate rotates and, as each tooth passes through the pickup coil, a pulse signal is created. The pickup coil generates 34 signals per engine revolution. Based on these signals, the ECM calculates the crankshaft position and engine RPM. Using these calculations, the fuel injection time and ignition timing are controlled.
Reference: Inspection using an oscilloscope.
HINT:
- The correct waveform is shown.
- G2+ stands for the Camshaft Position (CMP) sensor signal, and NE+ stands for the CKP sensor signal.
MONITOR DESCRIPTION
The ECM optimizes the valve timing by using the VVT (Variable Valve Timing) system to control the intake camshaft. The VVT system includes the ECM, the Oil Control Valve (OCV) and the VVT controller.
The ECM sends a target duty-cycle control signal to the OCV. This control signal regulates the oil pressure supplied to the VVT controller. The VVT controller can advance or retard the intake camshaft. The ECM calibrates the intake valve timing by setting the intake camshaft to the most retarded angle while the engine is idling. The ECM closes the OCV to retard the cam. The ECM stores this value as the VVT learning value. When the difference between the target and actual intake valve timings is 5°CA (Crankshaft Angle) or less, the ECM stores it.
If the VVT learning value matches the following conditions, the ECM determines the existence of a malfunction in the VVT system, and sets the DTC.
- VVT learning value: Less than 27°CA, or more than 49°CA.
- Above condition continues for 18 seconds or more.
This DTC indicates that the intake camshaft has been installed toward the crankshaft at an incorrect angle, caused by factors such as the timing chain having a jumped tooth.
This monitor begins to run after the engine has idled for 5 minutes.
MONITOR STRATEGY
TYPICAL ENABLING CONDITIONS
TYPICAL MALFUNCTION THRESHOLDS
WIRING DIAGRAM
INSPECTION PROCEDURE
HINT: Read freeze frame data using the intelligent tester. The ECM records vehicle and driving condition information as freeze frame data the moment a DTC is stored. When troubleshooting, freeze frame data can be helpful in determining whether the vehicle was running or stopped, whether the engine was warmed up or not, whether the air-fuel ratio was lean or rich, as well as other data recorded at the time of a malfunction.
PROCEDURE
1. CHECK ANY OTHER DTC OUTPUT (IN ADDITION TO DTC P0016)
(a) Connect the intelligent tester to the DLC3.
(b) Turn the ignition switch to the ON position and turn the tester on.
(c) Enter the following menus: DIAGNOSIS / ENHANCED OBD II / DTC INFO / CURRENT CODES.
(d) Read the DTCs.
Result:
HINT: If any DTCs other than P0016 are output, troubleshoot those DTCs first.
B -- GO TO DTC CHART
A -- Continue to next step.
2. PERFORM ACTIVE TEST (OPERATE OCV)
(a) Connect the intelligent tester to the DLC3.
(b) Start the engine and turn the tester on.
(c) Warm up the engine.
(d) On the tester, enter the following menus: DIAGNOSIS / ENHANCED OBD II / ACTIVE TEST / VVT B1.
(e) Check the engine speed while operating the Oil Control Valve (OCV) using the tester.
OK:
NG -- INSPECT CAMSHAFT TIMING OIL CONTROL VALVE ASSEMBLY (OCV)
OK -- Continue to next step.
3. CHECK VALVE TIMING (CHECK FOR LOOSE AND JUMPED TEETH ON TIMING CHAIN)
(a) Remove the cylinder head cover Disassembly.
(b) Turn the crankshaft pulley until its groove and the timing mark "0" of the timing chain cover are aligned.
(c) Check that each timing mark of the camshaft timing gears is aligned with its corresponding timing mark located on the No. 1 and No. 2 bearing caps as shown in the illustration.
If not, turn the crankshaft by 1 revolution (360°) to align the timing marks as above.
OK:
The timing marks of the camshaft timing gears are aligned with the timing marks located on the No. 1 and No. 2 bearing caps.
NG -- ADJUST VALVE TIMING
OK -- Continue to next step.
4. INSPECT CAMSHAFT TIMING OIL CONTROL VALVE ASSEMBLY (OCV)
(a) Remove the OCV.
(b) Measure the resistance between the terminals of the OCV.
Standard resistance:
6.9 to 7.9 Ohms at 20°C (68°F)
(c) Apply the positive battery voltage to terminal 1 and negative battery voltage to terminal 2. Check the valve operation.
OK:
The valve moves quickly.
NG -- REPLACE CAMSHAFT TIMING OIL CONTROL VALVE ASSEMBLY
OK -- Continue to next step.
5. INSPECT OIL CONTROL VALVE FILTER
(a) Remove the generator Removal.
(b) Remove the OCV filter.
(c) Check that the filter is not clogged.
OK:
The filter is not clogged.
NG -- CLEAN OIL CONTROL VALVE FILTER
OK -- Continue to next step.
6. REPLACE CAMSHAFT TIMING GEAR ASSEMBLY
Replace camshaft timing gear assembly.
NEXT -- Continue to next step.
7. CHECK WHETHER DTC OUTPUT RECURS (DTC P0016)
(a) In order to erase the ECM learned values for valve timing, disconnect the cable from the negative (-) battery terminal for 1 minute.
(b) Reconnect the cable to the negative (-) battery terminal.
(c) Connect an intelligent tester to the DLC3.
(d) Turn the ignition switch to ON.
(e) Turn the tester ON.
(f) Clear DTCs DTC Check / Clear.
(g) Start the engine and idle it for 5 minutes.
(h) Drive the vehicle with a city driving pattern for approximately 10 minutes.
(i) Select the following menu items: DIAGNOSIS / ENHANCED OBD II / DTC INFO / CURRENT CODES.
(j) Read DTCs.
Result:
B -- REPLACE ECM
A -- END