Automatic Timing Belt Tensioner
Automatic timing belt tensioner
In principle the belt tensioner consists of a spring and a damper.
When the belt is too slack a piston is pressed out by a spring and oil flows via a check valve to the other side of the piston until oil pressure is equal on both sides of the piston.
If the belt is too tight oil is pressed back past the piston through a leak off channel until oil pressure is again equal on both sides of the piston. This keeps the belt evenly and correctly tensioned regardless of the temperature.