How To Proceed With Troubleshooting

HOW TO PROCEED WITH TROUBLESHOOTING
Carry out troubleshooting in accordance with the procedure described here. Only the basic procedure is shown. Details are provided in each section of the database, showing the most effective methods for each circuit. Confirm the troubleshooting procedures first for the relevant circuit before beginning troubleshooting of that circuit.

[1] Ask the customer about the conditions and the environment when the problem occurred.

[2] [3] Confirm the symptoms and the problem conditions, and check the diagnostic trouble codes. (When the problem symptoms do not appear during confirmation, use the symptom simulation method described later on.)

[4] [5] [6] Check the results obtained in Step [2] , then confirm the inspection procedure for the system or the part which should be checked using the diagnostic trouble code chart or the matrix chart of problem symptoms.

[7] Check and repair the affected system or part in accordance with the instructions in Step [6].

[8] After completing repairs, confirm that the problem has been eliminated. (If the problem is not reproduced, perform the confirmation test under the same conditions and in the same environment as when it occurred for the first time.)
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[1] CUSTOMER PROBLEM ANALYSIS
In troubleshooting, the problem symptoms must be confirmed accurately and all preconceptions must be cleared away in order to give an accurate judgement. To ascertain just what the problem symptoms are, it is extremely important to ask the customer about the problem and the conditions at the time it occurred.


Important Points in the Problem Analysis



The 5 items shown above are important points in the problem analysis. Past problems which are thought to be unrelated and the repair history, etc. may also help in some cases, so as much information as possible should be gathered and its relationship with the problem symptoms should be correctly ascertained for reference in troubleshooting.

Sample Of The Problem Analysis Check Sheet For Engine Controls:

A Customer Problem Analysis Check Sheet is provided in the System Diagnosis section for each system for your use.


[2] SYMPTOM CONFIRMATION AND DIAGNOSTIC TROUBLE CODE CHECK
The diagnostic system fulfills various functions. The first function is the Diagnostic Trouble Code Check in which a malfunction in the signal circuits to the ECM is stored in code in the ECM memory at the time of occurrence, to be output by the technician during troubleshooting. Another function is the Input Signal Check which checks if the signals from various switches are sent to the ECM correctly. By using these check functions, the problem areas can be narrowed down quickly and troubleshooting can be performed effectively.

In diagnostic trouble code check, it is very important to determine whether the problem indicated by the diagnostic trouble code is still occurring or occurred in the past but returned to normal at present. In addition, it must be checked in the problem symptom check whether the malfunction indicated by the diagnostic trouble code is directly related to the problem symptom or not. For this reason, the diagnostic trouble codes should be checked before and after the symptom confirmation to determine the current conditions, as shown in the table below. If this is not done, it may result in unnecessary troubleshooting for normally operating systems, making it more difficult to locate the problem, or in repairs not pertinent to the problem. Therefore, always follow the procedure in correct order and perform the diagnostic trouble code check.

Diagnostic Trouble Code Check Procedure



Taking into account the above points, a flow chart showing how to proceed with troubleshooting using the diagnostic trouble code check is shown below This flow chart shows how to utilize the diagnostic trouble code check effectively, then by carefully checking the results, indicates how to proceed either to diagnostic trouble code troubleshooting or to troubleshooting of problem symptoms.





[3] SYMPTOM SIMULATION
The most difficult case in troubleshooting is when there are no problem symptoms occurring. In such cases, a thorough customer problem analysis must be carried out, then simulate the same or similar conditions and environment in which the problem occurred in the customer's vehicle. No matter now much experience a technician has, or how skilled he may be, if he proceeds to troubleshoot without confirming the problem symptoms he will tend to overlook something important in the repair operation and make a wrong guess somewhere, which will only lead to a standstill. For example, for a problem which only occurs when the engine is cold, or for a problem which occurs due to vibration caused by the road during driving, etc., the problem can never be determined so long as the symptoms are confirmed with the engine hot condition or the vehicle at a standstill. Since vibration, heat or water penetration (moisture) are likely causes for problems which are difficult to reproduce, the symptom simulation tests introduced here are effective measures in that the external causes are applied to the vehicle in a stopped condition.








Important Points in the Symptom Simulation Test
In the symptom simulation test, the problem symptoms should of course be confirmed, but the problem area or parts must also be found out. To do this, narrow down the possible problem circuits according to the symptoms before starting this test and connect a tester beforehand. After that, carry out the symptom simulation test, judging whether the circuit being tested is defective or normal and also confirming the problem symptoms at the same time. Refer to the matrix chart of problem symptoms for each system to narrow down the possible causes of the symptom.


[4] TROUBLE CODE DESCRIPTIONS



An example of the engine diagnostic trouble code chart is shown above. This chart permits efficient and accurate troubleshooting using the diagnostic trouble codes displayed in the diagnostic trouble code check. Proceed with troubleshooting in accordance with the inspection procedure given in the diagnostic chart corresponding to the diagnostic trouble codes displayed.


[5] MATRIX CHART OF PROBLEM SYMPTOMS



The suspect circuits or parts for each problem symptom are shown in the table above. Use this table to troubleshooting the problem when a "Normal" code is displayed in the diagnostic trouble code check but the problem is still occurring. Numbers in the table indicate the inspection order in which the circuits or parts should be checked.

HINT: When the problem is not detected by the diagnostic system even though the problem symptom is present, it is considered that the problem is occurring outside the detection range of the diagnostic system, or that the problem is occurring in a system other than the diagnostic system.


[6] CIRCUIT INSPECTION
How to read and use each page is shown in the following images.