Technical Training
IKEPurpose of the system
The Instrument Cluster Electronics (IKE) performs a number of different functions within the car. It presents information visually and acoustically, receives and forwards signals to other controllers and enables diagnosis of the many systems connected to the K-bus.
For the reception and forwarding of signals to other controllers, the IKE is connected with several interfaces and assumes a gateway function. The interfaces are:
- K-Bus
- CAN-Bus
- DS2-Bus
- D-Bus
The IKE system consists of:
- IKE Electronics
- Center Display
- Remote Display
System Components
Instrumentation
Depending on model and options, the MINI COOPER is fitted with various instrument cluster arrangements.
IKE Electronics
The central display unit, regardless of instrument type (Navigation or Speedometer) acts as the IKE gateway As a gateway the IKE receives information in different formats from the Bus Network (CAN, K, D, DS2), processes the data and passes it on to the appropriate control module. For instance, the IKE receives a compressor "On" request from the IHKA over the K-Bus, converts this request into a CAN Bus message and sends it to the EMS2000 for compressor activation.
Center Display
The Center Display is integral with the IKE Electronics assembly. The display will be either the Speedometer and warning lights or the Navigation System.
Remote Display
Depending on equipment the Remote Display will contain a single instrument (Tachometer or Speedometer) or dual instruments (Tachometer and Speedometer). Regardless of configuration, the remote display functions only as a display, the IKE Electronic functions being retained in the Center Display.
Principle of Operation
IKE IPO
IKE Electronics
Bus System Gateway
The IKE provides a gateway for communication between the DS2-bus and K-bus, and between the CAN-bus and K-bus, translating the protocol used between the different systems. The K-bus uses a baud rate of 9600 bits per second and the CAN-bus uses a baud rate of 500 k/bits per second. This speed difference in communication rate makes it impossible for a component on the K-Bus to speak directly to a component on the CAN-Bus. The two components are talking different languages. The IKE is the translator, receiving messages, translating them into the proper language and relaying them.
Vehicle Information Storage
Vehicle information stored in the IKE is sent to the BC1 as a back-up. Information redundantly stored in the BC1 and the IKE is: VIN, Total Miles, Trip Odometer, SIA Information.
Vehicle Identification Number (VIN)
The VIN is stored at the end of production or when the BC1 is replaced. The VIN can only be written to the BC1 if the total mileage is less than 100 km or there is no VIN already stored.
Total Miles
The IKE sends mileage information when it has changed from the previous value. This information will be stored if it is a greater value than the value already stored. During IKE coding the information is stored in two places to prevent corruption. The updating of the mileage will be as follows:
- If the BC1 has zero km stored in memory (New BC1), it will accept the mileage sent to it by the IKE (irrespective of value up to a limit of 999,900 km).
- Once the BC1 has received a valid mileage (i.e. 5,000 km), it will accept an updated mileage that exceeds the previous mileage by a value no more than 1,000 km. For example, if a new value of 6,500 km was sent and it already had a value in memory of 5,000 km it will ignore the new value.
- The BC1 will update its mileage value every 100 km during a journey. The IKE must therefore send a K-bus telegram message every 100 km so that the BC1 can maintain a running total.
- Once 999,900 miles has been reached there will be no further updates.
During installation of a new IKE the stored reading in the BC1 will be fed back to the IKE.
Odometer
The odometer displays the total distance driven by the vehicle. The odometer and trip counter are also used for displaying the Service Interval Announcement (SIA) information and IKE test functions. The odometer display is capable of displaying the distance traveled as a 6 digit decimal number with a maximum display distance resolution of 1 mile or 1 km depending the unit selected.
The maximum value that can be displayed on the odometer display is 999999 km (or equivalent miles), any distance in excess of this shall cause the odometer display to indicate ------. The display will not 'roll over' to 000000.
The odometer distance information is calculated based on vehicle speed information received by the IKE from the ASC/DSC control module via the CAN-Bus.
Trip Counter
The trip counter displays the distance driven by the vehicle since the user last reset the trip counter. The trip counter display will be capable of displaying a 3.1 digit decimal number with a maximum display distance resolution of 0.1 miles or 0.1 km, again dependent on the selected display units. The value of the trip counter distance shall be obtained from the vehicle speed signal.
The maximum value that can be displayed on the trip counter display is 999.9. Any display distance in excess of this will cause the trip counter distance to 'roll over' and recommence counting from zero.
Trip Odometer Reset Button in Speedometer Center Display
Service Interval Data (SIA)
The IKE sends this information when it has changed from the previous stored value. This information will be stored if it is a greater value than the value stored. The IKE sends this information each time the ignition is turned on.
The SIA display is the means by which the vehicle owner is informed of impending or overdue vehicle services. The display must be able to show the following information:
- The remaining distance until the next service
- A minus symbol go with the remaining distance display
- Km icon for km units
- Miles icon for miles unit
- Inspection icon
- Oil Service icon
The SIA information is displayed for a pre-determined time after switching the ignition to position 2, replacing the odometer and trip counter information. The displaying odometer and trip counter information when the light check is complete.
Remaining Distance
Remaining distance shows the distance remaining until the next service is required. This is displayed in the selected units of the Odometer and Trip counter. If the service is overdue then the display will show how many miles past the service the vehicle is. This is indicated by displaying a '-' (minus symbol) next to the remaining distance. The remaining distance will not show any leading zeros and the minus sign will remain next to the most significant digit, for example:
- -50 km
- -250 km
- -1250km
The displayed distance will always be quantified to the nearest 50 km or 25 miles depending on the selected display units. The remaining distance is calculated from 3 inputs; fuel used, recommended distance between services and the quantity of fuel to be used between service intervals.
The formula is:
The advantages are that the formula is easily adapted for different engines by supplying different values for the recommended distance and SI fuel quantity, and that the remaining distance will reduce more quickly if the engine is subjected to more arduous usage. Equally the service distance may be extended by moderate usage. The values of recommended distance and SI fuel quantity will be stored in the IKE memory. To prevent the remaining distance counter from being reset in the case of loss of power or software reset, the accumulated fuel used is stored in IKE memory at least once every 2 km synchronized with the Odometer distance storage.
Oil Service and Inspection
The remaining distance shows the distance until the next service, which may be of either an oil service or inspection type. Whenever the SIA information is displayed the type of service next required is also displayed using either the 'oil service' or 'inspection' icons. The type of service next required alternates between oil service and inspection. When either an oil service or inspection is due the remaining distance figure will flash. If either of the oil or inspection services is overdue by a remaining distance greater than the recommended distance then both the 'oil service' and 'inspection' icons are displayed.
SIA Reset
Oil service and inspection reset will be possible only after 20% of the expected fuel usage has been consumed following the previous reset.
The SIA function may be reset through operation of the ignition switch and trip reset button (or via the DISplus).
The following procedure will be used for reset (assuming that resets are due):
- Turn the ignition to position 0.
- Press and hold the trip reset button then turn the ignition switch to position 1. 5 seconds after ignition 1, the display will show the current SIA status (oil or inspection service). The trip reset button can now be released.
- Press and hold the trip reset button for 5 seconds to change to reset mode. The display will flash the reset text 'rst'. If the trip reset button is pressed again within these flashes then the current service requirement is reset and the display will show the new status for 5 seconds.
The oil/inspection data has now been reset.
Analog Instruments
Speedometer
Speedometer operating range is 0-150 Mph.
Vehicle speed information arrives at the IKE via the CAN Bus from the DSC.
Other components requiring vehicle speed receive that information from the IKE.
Tachometer
Tachometer operating range is 0-8000 RPM.
Engine speed data is received via the CAN Bus from the EMS2000.
From 5500 rpm to 8000 rpm there are a series of LED's, which are lit.
Engine Coolant Temp
Analog Display (Vehicles without Navigation)
A small analogue display incorporating a warning lamp, which illuminates at an engine temperature equal to or greater than 120 degrees Celsius. The warning for high engine temperature is incorporated into the last (highest) marker on the gauge. Engine Temperature data is provided to the IKE by the EMS2000 via the CAN Bus.
Warning Lamp (Vehicles with Navigation)
On navigation derivatives, Engine Coolant Temperature is provided via a warning lamp when the engine temperature is high. The engine temp data is still provided by the EMS2000 via the CAN Bus.
Fuel Level Analog (Vehicles without Navigation)
On non-navigation vehicles fuel level is indicated by an analog display incorporating a warning lamp, which illuminates at low fuel level. When the low fuel level warning lamp illuminates there is approximately 6 liters of (useable) fuel remaining in the fuel tank.
Fuel Level Digital (Vehicles with Navigation)
The navigation cluster on MINI features an 8 position LED bar graph display for displaying fuel quantity. This series of LED's when lit indicate to the driver the remaining quantity of fuel in the fuel tank. If all the LED's are lit, this indicates that the fuel tank is FULL. If all the LED's are extinguished the fuel tank is nearly EMPTY. However in the latter event, the first LED (left hand side) in the series will flash 5 times and an audible warning sound will be provided to the driver upon low fuel being detected. At this point there is approximately 6 liters of (useable) fuel in the tank.
Fuel Level Sending Units
The fuel level sending units are connected in parallel and data is sent directly to the IKE.
The IKE uses a complex algorithm to accurately measure the fuel quantify in the tank.
Audible Warnings
The IKE incorporates an audible warning sounder and is used to provide information to the driver for the following systems.
Seat belt - Warns the driver the Seat Belts are not buckled.
Lights on - Warns the driver that the lights are switched on when the door is opened and the ignition is off. The audible warning will be continual until the door is closed, the ignition is turned ON or the lights are switched OFF.
Key in - Warns the driver that the key is still in the ignition at position 0 and the driver's door is open. The sound will be per-formed indefinitely while the key in warning condition exists. This function is required for the vehicle to satisfy North American legislation.
Hood open - Used when the hood is not correctly closed, with headlight low beam on and at a vehicle speed greater than 5 km/h. Audible warning will continue until either the road speed is reduced below 5 km/h, or the hood is closed.
Engine coolant over-temperature - Used when the engine is overheating. This audible warning is active when the engine coolant temperature warning light becomes illuminated.
Park Distance Control (PDC) - Used to assist the driver in judging distances while parking. The closer the vehicle gets to an object, the faster the audible sound. When the vehicle is too close the audible tone will be continuous.
Direction indicator (tick/lock) - Used to indicate to the driver that either the direction indicator or hazard warning lights are operational.
Instrument Illumination
The instrument clusters and all the other additional interior switches are illuminated whenever the exterior lights are switched on. The illumination dimmer switch is located to the left hand side of the central instrument cluster (integral with the IKE).
Continual depressing of the dimmer switch increases the illumination of the instrumentation, and successive presses of the dimmer switch dims the illumination.
The instrument cluster illumination has a feature, whereby when the external lights are switched on, the illumination fades into the current level setting. The illumination fade function also works in the opposite manner, whereby when the lights are switched off the illumination fades off.
Warning Lamp Layout
Warning Lamps
The warning lamps illuminate in one of four colors. The color indicates the level of importance of the warning as follows:
- Red - Warning
- Amber - Caution.
- Green - System operative.
- Blue - Headlight main beam on.
Certain LED's perform a pre-drive check, while some do not go out until the engine is started or do no illuminate until a system is operational, deactivated or faulty. The LED's do not have dual color capability, but may flash or be accompanied by an acoustic warning.
On Board Computer (OBC)
The OBC information is displayed in the display field of the remote cluster, regardless of whether it is the Tachometer or speedometer. The following information is displayed:
- Outside temperature
- Range
- Average fuel consumption
- Average road speed
The values are scrolled through using the OBC switch on the main beam/indicator stalk. Pressing the switch for longer than one second performs a reset of the average consumption or average speed when displayed.
Ambient Temperature Display
Outside Temp available in �C or �F
Range Display
Range until empty displays a calculated distance before refueling is necessary.
Average Speed Display
Average Speed since last Reset
Average Fuel Consumption
Average fuel used since last Reset
Automatic Transmission Display
Cars fitted with automatic transmission have the selector lever position displayed in the center cluster odometer display field. This display is capable of displaying the numeric and alphanumeric characters required to indicate the selector lever position (P/R/N/D) and gearshift mode (S [sport] / M [manual]).
In the event of a transmission defect the display will show EP to indicate the Emergency Program is active.
IKE Test Functions
In addition to the fault memory and diagnostic link, the base instrument cluster contains a series of test functions that can be accessed to check various functions and values. The test functions are displayed in the mileage LCD block. There are a total of 21 test functions. The test functions are similar to those of previous Board computers and contain similar tests.
- Tests 1 & 2 are always unlocked.
- Tests 3 -21 are only accessible after unlocking the test function. Test 19 is the unlock function for accessing the displays.
Instrument cluster MINI
The display instruments in the MINI consist of the central instrument cluster and the additional instruments available as optional extras.
Central instrument cluster
The central instrument cluster contains the logic for all displays and indicator lamps. The control module has diagnostic functions. As of software 15, a fault memory is implemented.
Additional instruments
The optional additional instruments are linked by a separate CAN bus with the central instrument cluster. The instruments are only able to display values from the central instrument cluster. The control module has only identification as a diagnostic function.
In the different markets, the display functions between the central instrument cluster and the additional instruments can vary.
Manipulation point
The instrument cluster of the MINI has no manipulation point.
After replacing the instrument cluster, do not forget coding and import of the data!