Torque Converter: Description and Operation

Torque Converter
The torque converter transmits and multiplies torque by means of transmission fluid inside the torque converter. The torque converter is composed of the following:
^ Converter case
^ Pump impeller assembly
^ Turbine assembly
^ Stator assembly/one-way clutch
^ Lock-up clutch

In addition, the use of the lock-up clutch is intended to improve fuel economy as a direct coupling between the engine and the transaxle.

The standard torque converter components operate as follows:
^ Rotation of the converter housing and impeller sets the transmission fluid in motion.
^ The turbine reacts to the transmission fluid motion from the impeller, transferring rotation to the geartrain through the input shaft.
^ The reactor redirects transmission fluid going back into the impeller, providing for torque multiplication.
^ The clutch and damper assembly dampens powertrain torsional vibration and provides a direct mechanical connection for improved efficiency.
^ Power is transmitted from the torque converter to the planetary gearsets and other components through the input shaft.