Principles of Operation

Principles of Operation

The PCM controlled charging system determines the optimal voltage setpoint for the charging system and communicates this information to the voltage regulator. This system is unique in that it has 2 communication lines between the PCM and the generator/regulator. Both of these communication lines are pulse-width modulated (PWM). The generator communication (GENCOM) line communicates the desired setpoint from the PCM to the voltage regulator. The generator monitor (GENMON) line communicates the generator load and error conditions to the PCM. The third pin on the voltage regulator, the A circuit pin, is a dedicated battery voltage sense line.

The generator charges the battery and at the same time supplies power for all of the electrical loads that are required. The battery is more effectively charged with a higher voltage when the battery is cold and a lower voltage when the battery is warm. The PCM is able to adjust the charging voltage according to the battery temperature by using a signal from the intake air temperature (IAT) sensor. This means the voltage setpoint is calculated by the PCM and communicated to the regulator by the GENCOM circuit.

The PCM simultaneously controls and monitors the output of the generator. When the current consumption is high or the battery is discharged the PCM raises engine speed to increase generator output.

To minimize the engine drag when starting the engine, the PCM does not allow the generator to produce any output until the engine has started. The PCM turns off the generator during cranking to reduce the starter load and improve cranking speed. Once the engine starts, the PCM slowly increases generator output to help establish a stable engine speed.

The PCM controls the charging system warning indicator by sending a message over the high-speed controller area network (HS_CAN) to the instrument cluster. The PCM turns the charging system warning indicator off when generator output begins. The charging system warning indicator is also illuminated by the PCM whenever the key is ON with the engine OFF.

This is a System 4 charging system, which uses the GENMON and GENCOM lines to control and monitor the charging system through the PCM. System 4 charging systems are virtually identical in design and therefore, share the same diagnostics. The circuit numbers and colors may be different, but the functions are the same.

Circuit Description

Positive Battery Output (B+) Terminal Circuit 38 (BK/OG)
The generator output voltage is supplied through the B+ terminal circuit 38 (BK/OG) on the rear of the generator to the battery and electrical system.

Circuit 1818 (WH/BK)
This is the A terminal battery voltage sense circuit and is used to sense battery voltage.

Circuit 1817 (YE)
The GENMON circuit communicates the generator load and error conditions to the PCM.

Circuit 1816 (YE/LB)
This is the GENCOM circuit. The PCM determines the optimal voltage setpoint for the charging system and communicates this information to the voltage regulator via the GENCOM circuit.