Fundamental Procedures

Symbols
There are six primary symbols used to complement illustrations. These symbols indicate the areas to apply such materials during service.

Notes, Cautions and Warnings
As you read through the various procedures, you will encounter Notes, Cautions and Warnings. Each one is there for a specific purpose. Notes give you added information that will assist you in completing a particular procedure. Cautions prevent you from making an error that could damage the vehicle. Warnings remind you to be especially careful in specific areas where carelessness can cause personal injury.

The following items contain general procedures you should always follow when working on a vehicle:




Protection of vehicle
Always cover fenders, seats, and floor areas before starting work. Operate the engine only in a well- ventilated area to avoid carbon monoxide poisoning.




A word about safety
The following precautions must be followed when jacking up the vehicle:
1. Block the wheels.
2. Use only the specified jacking positions.
3. Support the vehicle with safety stands.
The engine compartment must be clear of tools and people before starting the engine.




Preparation of tools and measuring equipment
All necessary tools and measuring equipment should be available before starting any work.




Special service tools (SST's)
Use special service tools when they are required. SST's can be found under "preparation" prior to any procedure requiring them.




Removal of parts
Begin work only after first learning which parts and subassemblies must be removed and disassembled for replacement or repair.




Disassembly
If the disassembly procedure is complex, requiring many parts to be disassembled, all parts should be disassembled in a way that will not affect their performance or external appearance. Additionally, these parts should be identified so that reassembly can be done easily and efficiently.




Inspection of parts
When removed, each part should be carefully inspected for malfunction, deformations, damage, or other problems.




Arrangement of parts
All disassembled parts should be carefully arranged for reassembly. Separate or otherwise identify the parts to be replaced from those that will be reused.




Cleaning parts for reuse
All parts that will be reused should be carefully and thoroughly cleaned using appropriate methods.




Reassembly
Standard values, such as torques and certain adjustments, must be strictly observed in the reassembly of all parts.
If removed, the following parts should be replaced with new ones:
1. Oil seals
2. O-rings
3. Cotter pins
4. Gaskets
5. Lock washers
6. Nylon nuts




Depending on location:
1. Sealant should be applied or new gaskets installed.
2. Oil should be applied to the moving components of parts.
3. Specified oil or grease should be applied at the appropriate locations (such as oil seals) before reassembly.




Adjustments
Use appropriate gauges and/or testers when making adjustments.




Rubber parts and tubing
Prevent gasoline or oil from contacting rubber parts or tubing.

Electrical troubleshooting tools Test Light
The test light, as shown in figure, uses a 12V bulb. The two lead wires should be connected to probes. The test light is used for simple voltage checks and in checking for short circuits.






CAUTION: When checking the engine control module (ECM), never use a bulb exceeding 3.4 W.

Jumper wire
The jumper wire is used for testing by shorting across switch terminals and ground connections.






CAUTION: Do not connect a jumper wire from the power source line to a body ground. Such a connection may cause damage to harnesses or electronic components.




Voltmeter
The DC voltmeter measures circuit voltage. A voltmeter with a range of 15 V or more is used by connecting the positive (+) probe (red lead wire) to the point where voltage is to be measured, and the negative (-) probe (black lead wire) to a body ground.

Ohmmeter
The ohmmeter is used to measure the resistance between two points in a circuit and also to check for continuity and the diagnosis of short circuits.






CAUTION: Do not attempt to connect the ohmmeter to any circuit in which voltage is applied. Such a connection may damage the ohmmeter.

Electrical parts




Battery cable
Before disconnecting connectors or replacing electrical parts, disconnect the negative battery cable.

Connectors

Removal of connector




1. Never pull on the wiring harness when disconnecting connectors.




2. Connectors can be removed by pressing or pulling lock lever.




Locking a connector
Listen for a click when locking connectors. This sound indicates that they are securely locked.

Inspection




1. When a tester is used to check for continuity or to measure voltage, insert tester probe from wire harness side.
2. Check terminals of waterproof connectors from connector side because they cannot be accessed from harness side.






NOTE:
a. Use a fine wire to prevent damage to the terminal.
b. Do not damage the terminal when inserting the tester lead.

Terminals




Inspection
Pull lightly on individual wires to ensure that they are secured in the terminal.

Replacement of terminals
Use appropriate tools to remove terminal as shown.
When installing the terminal, insert it until it locks securely.





Insert a thin piece of metal from the terminal side of the connector, and then, with the terminal locking tab pressed down, pull the terminal out of the connector.





Follow the same procedure as female-type terminal.




Sensors, Switches, and Relays
Always handle sensors, switches, and relays carefully.
Do not drop them or accidentally strike them against
other parts.







Wiring color codes
Two-color wires are indicated by a two-color code symbol The first color indicates the base color of the wire; the second color indicates the color of the stripe.