Power Steering Pump: Description and Operation

DESCRIPTION











Hydraulic pressure for the operation of the power steering system is provided by a belt driven rotary power steering pump. The power steering pump is a constant flow rate and displacement vane type pump. Vehicles equipped with the 2.7 liter engine use a power steering pump that has an integral reservoir for the power steering fluid. Vehicles equipped with the 3.2 liter or 3.5 liter engine use a power steering pump that has a remotely mounted reservoir for the power steering fluid.
Both power steering pumps mount to the front of the engine on the driver's side.
The service procedures for the power steering pump are limited to the areas and components listed below.
- Power steering fluid reservoirs, related components and attaching hardware.
- Power steering pump pulley.
No repair procedures are to be done on the internal components of the power steering pump. Repair of a power steering fluid leak from any area of the power steering pump is not allowed.

OPERATION
The Power steering pump operates as follows. A belt driven pulley turns a shaft which drives a rotor. Rectangular pumping vanes carried by the shaft driven rotor move the fluid from the intake to the cam ring pressure cavities. As the rotor begins to turn, centrifugal force throws the vanes against the inside surface of the cam ring to pickup residual oil. This oil is then forced into the high pressure area. As more oil is picked up by the vanes, the additional oil is forced into the cavities of the thrust plate through two crossover holes in the cam ring and pressure plate. The crossover holes empty into the high pressure area between the pressure plate and the housing end cover.
When the high pressure area of the power steering pump is filled with power steering fluid, the fluid flows under the vanes in the rotor slots, forcing the vanes to follow the inside oval surface of the cam ring. As the vanes reach the restricted area of the cam ring, oil is forced out from between the vanes. When excess oil flow is generated during high-speed operation, a regulated amount of oil returns to the pump intake side through a flow control valve. The flow control valve reduces the power required to drive the pump and holds down temperature buildup.
When steering conditions exceed maximum pressure requirements, such as turning the wheels against the stops, the pressure built up in the steering gear also exerts pressure on the spring end of the flow control valve. The end of the valve houses the pressure relief valve. High pressure lifts the relief valve ball from its seat and allows oil to flow through a trigger orifice located in the outlet fitting. This reduces pressure on the spring end of the flow control valve which then opens and allows the oil to return to the intake side of the pump. This action limits maximum pressure output of the pump to a safe level.
Under normal power steering pump operating conditions, the pressure requirements of the pump are below maximum, causing the pressure relief valve to remain closed.
In the event of a power steering pump drive belt failure, manual steering control of the vehicle can still to be maintained. However, under these conditions, steering effort will significantly increase.