About Modes of Operation

Shorted At All Times As input signals to the PCM change, the PCM adjusts its response to output devices. For example, the PCM must calculate a different injector pulse width and ignition timing for idle than it does for Wide Open Throttle (WOT).

There are two different types of operation, OPEN LOOP and CLOSED LOOP.
- There are many different modes of operation that determine how the PCM responds to the various input signals.

During OPEN LOOP modes the PCM receives input signals and responds according to preset PCM programming. Inputs from the upstream and downstream heated oxygen sensors are not monitored during OPEN LOOP modes, except for oxygen sensor diagnostics (they are checked for being Shorted at All Times). The component monitor for the downstream oxygen sensor is performed during WOT or decel fuel shutoff.

During CLOSED LOOP modes the PCM monitors the inputs from the upstream and downstream heated oxygen sensors. The upstream heated oxygen sensor input tells the PCM if the calculated injector pulse width resulted in the ideal air-fuel ratio of 14.7 to one. By monitoring the exhaust oxygen content through the upstream heated oxygen sensor, the PCM can fine tune injector pulse width. Fine tuning injector pulse width allows the PCM to achieve optimum fuel economy combined with low emissions.

For the PCM to enter CLOSED LOOP operation, the following must occur:
1. Engine coolant temperature must be over 35°F.
- If the coolant is over 35° F the PCM will wait 44 seconds.
- If the coolant is over 50° F the PCM will wait 38 seconds.
- If the coolant is over 167° F the PCM will wait 11 seconds.
- For other temperatures the PCM will interpolate the correct waiting time.
2. O2 sensor must read either greater than 0.745 volts or less than 0.1 volt.

The multi-port fuel injection systems has the following modes of operation:

Open Loop Modes
- Engine start-up
- Engine warm-up
- Deceleration (with fuel shutoff)
- Wide Open Throttle
- Ignition switch ON (Zero RPM)
- Ignition switch OFF

Closed Loop Modes -- Under most operating conditions
- Acceleration
- Deceleration (with A/C on)
- Cruise
- Idle