About Modes of Operation

As input signals to the PCM change, the PCM adjusts its response to output devices. For example, the PCM must calculate a different injector pulse width and ignition timing for idle than it does for Wide Open Throttle (WOT). There are several different modes of operation that determine how the PCM responds to the various input signals.

There are two different areas of operation, OPEN LOOP and CLOSED LOOP.

Open Loop
During OPEN LOOP modes the PCM receives input signals and responds according to preset PCM programming. Inputs from the upstream and downstream heated oxygen sensors are not monitored during OPEN LOOP modes, except for heated oxygen sensor diagnostics (they are checked for shorted conditions at all times).

Closed Loop
During CLOSED LOOP modes the PCM monitors the inputs from the upstream and downstream heated oxygen sensors. The upstream heated oxygen sensor input tells the PCM if the calculated injector pulse width resulted in the ideal air-fuel ratio of 14.7 to one. By monitoring the exhaust oxygen content through the upstream heated oxygen sensor, the PCM can fine tune injector pulse width. Fine tuning injector pulse width allows the PCM to achieve optimum fuel economy combined with low emissions.

For the PCM to enter CLOSED LOOP operation, the following must occur:
1. Engine coolant temperature must he over 353F.
- If the coolant is over 35 the PCM will wait 44 seconds.
- If the coolant is over 70°F the PCM will wait :38 seconds.
- If the coolant is over 167°F the PCM will wait 11 seconds.
2. For other temperatures the PCM will interpolate the correct waiting time.
3. O2 sensor must read either greater than 0.745 volts or less than 0.1 volt.
4. The multi-port fuel injection systems has the following modes of operation:
- Ignition switch ON (Zero RPM)
- Engine start-up
- Engine warm-up
- Cruise
- Idle
- Acceleration
- Deceleration
- Wide Open Throttle
- Ignition switch OFF
5. The engine start-up (crank), engine warm-up deceleration with fuel shutoff and wide open throttle modes are OPEN LOOP modes. Under most operating conditions, the acceleration, deceleration with A/C on idle and cruise modes, with the engine at operating temperature are CLOSED LOOP modes.