36. Valve Guide Reaming, and Valve and Seat Grinding
Valve Cleaning and InspectionImportant: Excessive valve stem to guide clearance may cause a noisy valve train, premature valve stem oil seal wear, component damage, and/or excessive oil consumption.
Insufficient valve stem to guide clearance will result in noisy or sticking valves. Valves that are too tight may disturb engine smoothness or lead to component damage.
1. Inspect for excessive valve stem (1) to guide (2) clearance.
Important: Do not scratch the valve stem with the wire brush.
2. Clean the valves of carbon, oil and varnish. Carbon can be removed with a wire brush, varnish can be removed by soaking in Parts Immersion Solvent GM P/N 12345368 or equivalent.
3. Clean the deposits from the valve face.
4. Inspect the valve face for the following:
^ Worn or no margin (4,1)
^ Pitting (2)
^ Burnt or eroded areas (3)
^ Grooving
^ Deposits
5. If any of the above conditions exist, replace the valve.
6. Clean the valve guides with a rifle brush and a suitable solvent.
7. Inspect the valves for the following:
^ Burnt or eroded areas (1)
^ A worn margin (2)
^ A bent stem (3)
^ A worn or scored stem (4)
^ A worn or chipped valve keeper groove (5)
^ A worn stem end (6)
^ A bent valve head
8. If the valves are worn or damaged replace the valve.
9. Burrs and minor scratches on the valve stem may be removed with an oil stone.
10. The valve stem end may be reconditioned by grinding. Follow the grinder manufacturer's instructions.
11. If the valve face had pieces broken off, inspect the corresponding piston and cylinder head area for damage.
12. The valves may be lightly lapped to the valve seats.
Valve and Seat Inspection
^ Tools Required
- J8001 Dial Indicator Set
1. Measure the radial runout of the valve head using V-blocks and a dial indicator. If the runout exceeds specifications, replace the valve.
Maximum Valve Head Radial Runout 0.08 mm (0.003 inch)
2. Measure the valve margin (1). If the margin is less than the minimum, replace the valve.
Standard Intake Valve Margin 1.0 mm (0.039 inch)
Minimum Intake Valve Margin 0.6 mm (0.024 inch)
Standard Exhaust Valve Margin 1.2 mm (0.047 inch)
Minimum Exhaust Valve Margin 0.7 mm (0.028 inch)
3. Use Prussian blue to create a valve face-to-valve seat contact pattern (2) on the valve face. The contact pattern should be uniform around the diameter of the valve, in the middle of the valve face and of the correct width.
Valve Face-to-Valve Seat Contact Pattern Width 1.1 - 1.3 mm (0.043 - 0.0512 inch) for both intake and exhaust valves.
4. Measure the valve contact pattern by performing the following:
4.1. Apply a light coating of Prussian blue to the entire valve face. Seat the valve but do not rotate it. The Prussian blue traces transferred to the valve seat are an indication of concentricity of the valve seat.
4.2. Clean all traces of Prussian blue.
4.3. Apply a light coating of Prussian blue to the valve seat and repeat the check. The traces of Prussian blue transferred to the valve face indicates valve face concentricity.
5. Recondition the valve seat and/or replace the valves as necessary.
Valve and Guide Inspection
1. Measure the inside diameter of the valve guide.
Intake and Exhaust Valve Guide ID 6.000 - 6.012 mm (0.2362 - 0.2366 inch)
2. Excessive valve stem to guide clearance may cause a noisy valve train, premature valve stem oil seal wear, component damage, and/or excessive oil consumption.
Insufficient valve stem to guide clearance will result in noisy or sticking valves. Valves that are too tight may disturb engine smoothness or lead to component damage.
3. If the valve guide diameter exceeds specifications, replace the valve and the valve guide.
4. Measure the outside diameter of the valve stem using a micrometer.
Intake Valve Stem OD 5.965 - 5.980 mm (0.2348 - 0.2354 inch)
Exhaust Valve Stem OD 5.940 - 5.955 mm (0.2339 - 0.2344 inch)
5. To obtain the valve guide oil (stem-to-guide) clearance, subtract the valve stem outside diameter measurement from the valve guide inside diameter measurement.
Standard Intake Valve Oil Clearance 0.020 - 0.047 mm (0.0008 - 0.0018 inch)
Maximum Intake Valve Oil Clearance 0.07 mm (0.0027 inch)
Standard Exhaust Valve Oil Clearance 0.045 - 0.072 mm (0.0018 - 0.0028 inch)
Maximum Exhaust Valve Oil Clearance 0.09 mm (0.0035 inch)
6. If the clearance is greater than the maximum, replace the valve and the valve guide.
Valve Seat Repair
Important: Proper reconditioning of the valve seats is very important. Because the valve guide (2) serves to support and center the valve grinder, it is essential that the valve guide is cleaned properly. If the valve guide requires reaming, this must be done first.
1. Use the following as a general guideline when reconditioning the cylinder head.
^ Ream the valve guide bores first and then recondition the valve seats.
^ Inspect the valve seats for excessive wear and burned spots. Valve seats may be reconditioned by grinding. If grinding results in the new seat being too wide it may be narrowed by using a 20 degree or 70 degree stone. The 20 degree stone will lower the seat and the 70 degree stone will raise the seat.
^ The valves must seat perfectly for the engine to deliver optimum power and performance.
^ Cooling the valve heads is another important factor. Good contact between each valve and its seat in the cylinder head is necessary to insure that the heat in the valve head is properly carried away.
^ Regardless of what type of equipment is used, it is essential that the valve guide bores are free from carbon or dirt to ensure the proper centering of the pilot in the guide.
^ The valve seats should be concentric to within 0.05 mm (0.031 inch) total indicator reading.
^ Replace any valve that is not in serviceable condition.
^ Several different types of equipment are available for reconditioning valves and valve seats. Use the manufacturers recommendations to obtain proper results.
2. Grind the exhaust valve seat first with a 15 degree stone (1) and then with a 45 degree stone (2).
Exhaust Valve Seat Width 1.1 - 1.3 mm (0.043 - 0.0512 inch)
3. Grind the intake valve seat first with a 15 degree stone (1), then with a 60 degree stone (3) and then with a 45 degree stone (2).
Intake Valve Seat Width 1.1 - 1.3 mm (0.043 - 0.0512 inch)
4. Lap the valves and seats with a coarse compound and then with a fine compound.
5. Clean all traces of the grinding compound from the valve components before final assembly.
Valve Guide Replacement
^ Tools Required
- J37968 Valve Guide Remover/Installer
- J37972 11 mm Valve Guide Reamer
- J43842 Valve Guide Remover/Installer
- J38342 6 mm Valve Guide Reamer
1. Tap out the valve guide from the combustion chamber side of the cylinder head using a hammer and the J37968.
Notice: Clean the valve guides before reaming. Packing of chips or carbon may result in the reamer jamming into the valve guide or broken reamer flutes.
2. Ream the valve guide bore with the J37972 11 mm reamer (1).
3. Gradually heat the cylinder head to 80 - 100°C (176 - 212°F)
Important: Intake and exhaust valve guides are identical. The new valve guide is 0.03 mm (0.0012 inch) oversize. Intake and exhaust valve guides should protrude 13.5 mm (0.53 inch) above the cylinder head surface.
4. Tap the new (oversize) valve guide into the cylinder head from the camshaft side using the J37968, the J43842 and a hammer.
5. Install the valve guide to the specified protrusion height of 13.5 mm (0.53 inch). The J43842 should bottom out on the cylinder head when the specified protrusion height is reached.
6. Ream the new valve guide with the J38342 6 mm reamer.